Tests

F-Gas English Low GWP

All questions
HFC | Flammable | CO₂ | NH₃
Easy questions | Medium questions | Difficult questions

1

Medium

What process takes place in the condenser of a refrigeration system?


The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) condenses, whilst the refrigerant evaporates.
The refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the compressor via the condenser
Hot refrigerant vapour is pumped from the compressor to the condenser, where it is cooled and then condensed. In this heat exchanger, the resulting liquid refrigerant is also slightly subcooled.
In the condenser, the refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the evaporator into the surroundings.

2

Medium

What determines the condensation temperature of an air-cooled unit?


On the compressor and discharge temperatures
On the evaporation (boiling) temperature.
On the ambient temperature.
On the superheat temperature.

3

Medium

Is energy required when heat is transferred from the condenser to the surroundings?


No, because according to the second law of thermodynamics, thermal energy always flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.
Yes, but only when using HFC refrigerants.
Yes, in every case.
The heat flow balances the energy input.

4

Medium

What should you pay attention to during the operation of the condenser?


You should ensure the general maintenance of the condenser and keep the heat exchange surfaces clean.
Ensure that the air temperature at the condenser outlet is higher than the condensation temperature.
Pay attention to the fan’s operation and the ambient temperature.
Care should be taken to ensure that the air temperature at the condenser inlet is lower than the air temperature at the condenser outlet.

5

Medium

What criteria should be considered when selecting a suitable condenser?


The required capacity of the condenser and the technical specifications declared by the manufacturer must be taken into account.
These include size and the number of fans. The geometric parameters of the condenser must be taken into account.
First and foremost, you should consider the operating noise level of the fans, the diameter of the connection pipes and the colour scheme.
Condensers should be selected based on your own experience, and the condenser’s geometric parameters should be taken into account.

6

Medium

How do contaminants (dust, particulates, deposits) affect the performance and efficiency of heat exchange surfaces in condensers?


Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause an increase in condensing temperature and pressure, which in turn leads to a reduction in the condenser’s efficiency.
Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause a reduction in condensing pressure.
Contaminants increase the heat transfer area and reduce the condensing pressure.
Contaminants do not significantly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the heat exchange surfaces in condensers.

7

Medium

If an air-cooled condenser becomes contaminated, will the condensation efficiency?


It will decrease.
It remains unchanged.
It will increase as a result of the fan speed being raised further.
It will increase.

8

Medium

What can cause frost to form on the evaporator?


A reduction in the temperature of the cooled substance.
An increase in refrigerant flow resistance and a reduction in the refrigerant flow rate through the evaporator.
a drop in cooling capacity.
Frost build-up on the evaporator increases airflow resistance and, consequently, causes the fan motor to work harder.

9

Medium

What happens when the evaporation temperature drops?


The compressor’s cooling capacity increases.
The discharge temperature decreases.
The compressor’s cooling capacity decreases.
The condenser fan speed increases.

10

Medium

When is defrosting using the refrigerant possible?


Never. We use electricity for defrosting (for example, using a special electric heater).
Only when using speed-controlled fans.
Defrosting using the refrigerant is not possible at all.
In the case of air-cooled chillers, only when the air temperature is above 0°C.

11

Medium

When can frost form on the evaporator surface?


In the case of finned evaporators.
Frost always forms on air coolers.
Only in the case of air coolers, when the air temperature drops below 0°C.
Frost forms only when the refrigeration system is operating continuously.

12

Medium

In the case of extensive pipework systems, secondary evaporation of the refrigerant can be prevented by...


using larger-diameter pipes.
using smaller-diameter pipes.
by insulating the pipes between the compressor and the condenser.
additional cooling.

13

Medium

How does hot gas defrosting of the evaporator work?


We switch on the gas heater directed at the evaporator.
We swap the outlet and inlet sides of the evaporator.
Heated vapour (hot gas) from the compressor is directed into the evaporator piping.
This involves reversing the direction of rotation of the compressor.

14

Medium

What is the function of the evaporator in a refrigeration system?


It cools the refrigerant.
It ensures that the refrigerant is superheated over the largest possible heat exchange surface area.
Thanks to the evaporator, the cooled medium transfers heat to the boiling refrigerant.
It evaporates the water flowing through the evaporator.

15

Medium

What conditions must be met for the evaporator to be defrosted using electric heaters?


The electric heaters must be positioned beneath the evaporator’s heat exchange surface.
Thanks to the forced air flow created by the fans, the heat from the heaters is transferred to the heat exchanger.
The electric heaters must be in contact with the evaporator’s heat exchange surface (the heater must touch the fins).
The electric heaters must be positioned in direct contact with the refrigerant so that the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator is at a sufficiently high temperature.

16

Medium

Refrigerant distributor:


ensures the even distribution of the refrigerant discharged by compressors connected in parallel.
acts as a buffer for the refrigerant in the event that the pressure upstream of the expansion valve is exceeded.
ensures even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the condenser.
ensures an even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the evaporator.

17

Medium

What are the possible methods of defrosting air coolers?


Natural defrosting; there are no other effective methods.
Electric defrosting, liquid defrosting or defrosting using hot refrigerant vapour.
Electric defrosting only.
Hot gas defrosting.

18

Medium

The boiling point increases (and consequently the rate of evaporation increases) if the pressure above the liquid...


It behaves differently depending on the ambient temperature.
Rises.
Falls.
Remains constant.

19

Medium

MOP in thermostatic expansion valves stands for:


minimum flow opening.
maximum pressure switch protection.
self-cleaning of the valve in the event of moisture in the refrigerant freezing.
maximum operating pressure.

20

Medium

The function of a thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) in a refrigeration system is:


to consistently adjust the evaporation pressure in the condenser depending on the temperature of the refrigerant vapour leaving the condenser.
to control the amount of refrigerant supplied to the evaporator depending on the superheat of the vapour leaving that heat exchanger.
to maintain a constant suction pressure to the compressor.
regulating the superheat of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator so that it is at the minimum value.

21

Medium

When using a capillary tube, what type of motor can be used in the compressor?


A motor with high starting torque must be used.
An electronically commutated motor approved for use with the compressor should be used.
A low-speed motor should be used.
A motor with low starting torque can be used.

22

Medium

What does the thermostatic expansion valve regulate?


The mass flow of the refrigerant injected into the evaporator.
Discharge temperature.
Evaporation pressure after.
Cooling.

23

Medium

The refrigerant absorbs heat when...


sublimates
freezes.
it condenses.
it evaporates.

24

Medium

In the case of a thermostatic expansion valve, the manufacturer specifies...


  ...the degree to which the valve is filled with refrigerant liquid.
...the superheat value during valve operation.
…the degree of refrigerant expansion.
...the static superheat of the valve.

25

Medium

How do we charge a new or repaired system with refrigerant when it is fitted with an expansion valve


Charging with refrigerant takes place during operation via the outlet connection of the refrigerant capillary tube.
in any way.
behind the condenser to the liquid refrigerant receiver.
to the suction side of the compressor.

26

Medium

What does a thermostatic/electronic expansion valve regulate?


The evaporation pressure, closing when it falls below the setpoint temperature.
Condenser subcooling by adjusting the condensing pressure.
The number of revolutions of the compressor per unit of time.
The amount of refrigerant by controlling the evaporator superheat.

27

Medium

What does the MOP function in expansion valves mean?


This means that these expansion valves are set to limit subcooling.
This means that these expansion valves are set to prevent overheating.
It means that these expansion valves are set to limit the maximum operating pressure.
This means that these expansion valves are set to a specific suction pressure.

28

Medium

The lower the temperature of the liquid refrigerant upstream of the expansion valve,


...the lower the theoretical coefficient of refrigeration efficiency qo will be, and the lower the refrigeration capacity Qo will be.
... the higher the theoretical coefficient of cooling capacity qo will be, and the greater the cooling capacity Qo will be.
  ...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, whilst the cooling capacity Qo remains unchanged.
...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, and the lower the system’s energy efficiency will be.

29

Medium

The MOP point in the expansion valve, due to the maximum evaporation temperature of the refrigeration system, ...


...must be approximately 5 K lower.
The value of the MOP point is irrelevant.
...must be approximately 7 K lower.
...must be approximately 7 K higher.

30

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator?


It prevents a drop in suction pressure and, if necessary, shuts down the refrigeration system.
To maintain the suction pressure at the highest possible level.
It limits the suction pressure and protects the compressor from excessively high suction pressure.
It maintains the suction pressure at a constant level.

31

Medium

What is the function of the valve regulating water flow through the condenser?


To maintain the condensing pressure at the lowest possible level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at the highest possible level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at a constant level.
To maintain the water temperature at the highest level.

32

Medium

The use of a refrigerant distributor requires a thermostatic expansion valve …


… with a MOP function.
… with external pressure equalisation.
… with an adsorption-type sensor filling.
… with internal pressure equalisation.

33

Medium

What properties should good insulation materials have?


It must have a low thermal conductivity.
It must have a high thermal conductivity.
It must have a good antistatic coating
It must be able to absorb large amounts of moisture.

34

Medium

When do we encounter the superheated state?


This is the temperature difference between the actual vapour temperature and the vapour temperature at saturation.
This is a state that arises as a result of the temperature difference between the suction side and the discharge side of a compressor.
It is a condition in which the compressor motor temperature rises excessively.
It is the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the ambient temperature.

35

Medium

How can you check whether the liquid refrigerant is reaching the expansion valve without vapour bubbles?


We check using a pressure gauge fitted on the discharge side of the compressor.
We are unable to check this.
We check using a liquid pressure gauge.
We check this using a sight glass.

36

Medium

The liquid lines are located...


between the evaporator and the compressor.
between the compressor and the condenser.
between the condenser and the liquid receiver.
between the evaporator and the regenerative heat exchanger.

37

Medium

What is the function of the liquid receiver in a refrigeration system?


The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
The reservoir is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.
When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is used to store and ensure an adequate supply of refrigerant in the event of fluctuations in the thermal load of the refrigeration system.

38

Medium

What is the purpose of the liquid refrigerant reservoir?


The tank is required during maintenance work, when there is a temporary need to store the refrigerant that has been circulating in the refrigeration system up to that point.
When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
The tank is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.

39

Medium

Where should the liquid receiver be installed?


It should be fitted between the compressor and the condenser.
It should be fitted just before the compressor.
It should be fitted after the evaporator.
It should be installed downstream of the condenser, upstream of the expansion valve.

40

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator fitted to the suction pipe when the compressor starts up?


It closes when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.
It opens when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.
It regulates the evaporation pressure.
It regulates the condensing pressure.

41

Medium

The use of microchannel heat exchangers, compared with conventional heat exchangers made of copper tubes and fins, results in:


An increase in the amount of refrigerant in the system and an increase in condensing pressure.
A reduction in the system’s energy efficiency.
A reduction in the amount of refrigerant and an increase in energy efficiency.
There is no effect whatsoever on either the amount of refrigerant or energy efficiency.

42

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFC group?


R22, R401A.
R11, R12, R502.
R134a, R32, R22, R507A, R290.
R134a, R404A, R507A, R410A.

43

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFO group?


R22, R12.
R134a, R290.
R1234yf, R1234ze.
R134a, R404A.

44

Medium

What are the characteristics of R410A refrigerant compared to R407C refrigerant?


The saturation pressure of R407C refrigerant is much higher than that of R410A.
The saturation pressure of both refrigerants is roughly the same.
The saturation pressure of R410A refrigerant is higher than that of R407C.
The saturation pressure of R407C is 150% higher than that of R410A.

45

Medium

What does the TEWI parameter define?


This is a parameter defining the ozone layer’s ability to recover (regenerate).
It is the total (global) greenhouse gas equivalent – this indicator takes into account the refrigerant’s direct capacity to contribute to the greenhouse effect and its indirect impact on it through the energy consumption (during the production of which CO₂ is generated) by the refrigeration unit in operation.
It is the global warming potential, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide (CO₂), over a 100-year time horizon.
This is a parameter that quantifies the impact of refrigerants on the ozone layer.

46

Medium

What are the characteristics of R452A refrigerant compared to R404A?


Both refrigerants are homogeneous refrigerants with no temperature glide.
The temperature glide of R452A is half that of R404A.
It is a non-flammable refrigerant, a mixture from the HFC/HFO group with thermodynamic properties similar to those of R404A and a GWP approximately 45% lower than that of R404A.
It is a flammable and toxic homogeneous refrigerant from the HFC group.

47

Medium

What is the distinguishing feature of R1234yf compared to R134a?


a higher boiling point at standard pressure.
greater flammability.
greater toxicity.
A higher critical temperature.

48

Medium

Compared to R134a, the refrigerant CO₂ is characterised by?


It has identical thermodynamic properties and can be used as a drop-in replacement for R134a.
It has a lower critical temperature, higher operating pressures and greater volumetric efficiency, allowing for the use of a smaller quantity of refrigerant compared to R134a.
It has a temperature slip of 7K greater than R134a.
Unlike R134a, it is an azeotropic mixture.

49

Medium

The following are not classified as fluorinated greenhouse gases:


Perfluorocarbons (PFCs).
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).

50

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect?


It alters the composition of the atmospheric air.
It lowers the average surface temperature of the Earth.
It causes an increase in temperature close to the Earth’s surface (up to 10 metres above the surface).
It causes the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth to be trapped in the upper atmosphere.

51

Medium

How do refrigeration systems contribute to the greenhouse effect, i.e. the rise in atmospheric temperature at the Earth’s surface?


As a result of oil being emitted into the atmosphere by the condenser and filter
Indirectly (through energy consumption) and directly (through the emission of refrigerants into the atmosphere)
Refrigeration equipment emits CO₂ both directly and indirectly.
Through the leakage of refrigerant into the environment.

52

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect, also known as the greenhouse phenomenon?


The absorption of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
This is the formation of a layer that traps only the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in aeroplanes.
It is the phenomenon of heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere (making it difficult for heat to radiate out of the Earth’s atmosphere).
The filtering out of solar radiation.

53

Medium

Which EU regulation is currently the primary piece of legislation governing the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) in the European Union?


Regulation (EU) 2015/1188
Directive 2009/125/EC
Regulation (EU) 2024/573
Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

54

Medium

What is the main objective of Regulation (EU) 2024/573?


To facilitate the import of electrical appliances
To reduce taxes on refrigeration equipment
Prevention of F-gas emissions and the achievement of the EU’s climate targets
Standardising metal recycling standards

55

Medium

What are the obligations of manufacturers of refrigeration appliances in the context of ecodesign, and which regulation governs them?


Manufacturers are only required to use energy labels, and this is regulated by Regulation (EU) 2024/573
Manufacturers must comply solely with ISO 9001 standards, without any link to EU regulations
The manufacturer must ensure minimum energy efficiency, reparability and recyclability of equipment, as regulated by Regulation (EU) 2019/2019
Manufacturers are only required to declare the quantity of F-gas used, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

56

Medium

What is the main objective of the Ecodesign Directive?


Reducing the negative environmental impact of products by improving energy efficiency, durability and recyclability
To increase sales of electrical appliances in the EU
To standardise the appearance of products in the EU
To facilitate the import of products from outside the EU

57

Medium

What is the function of a ball valve in a refrigeration system?


Enables the refrigerant flow to be completely shut off
It regulates the temperature of the refrigerant
It prevents excessive pressure build-up in the system
It measures the moisture content of the refrigerant

58

Medium

How do certain substances or gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?


Some substances damage the ozone layer
Certain substances limit the impact of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation on the Earth’s surface.
When released into the atmosphere, certain substances cause the air to heat up as a result of reactions with the oxygen and nitrogen contained in the air.
Certain substances trap the thermal radiation that the Earth should radiate into the atmosphere. In this way, the Earth gradually warms up and the greenhouse effect occurs.

59

Medium

What is the purpose of the sight glass in a refrigeration system?


To regulate compressor pressure
To shut off the flow in the event of an emergency
For visual assessment of the presence of refrigerant and oil, and for monitoring moisture levels
To measure the condenser temperature

60

Medium

What is the function of the temperature regulator in a refrigeration system?


Controls the operation of the compressor and valves to maintain the set temperature
To maintain a constant pressure in the compressor
It restricts oil flow
It drains excess refrigerant into the receiver

61

Medium

What is the purpose of oil level regulators in a refrigeration system?


Maintains the correct oil level in the compressor
They control the evaporator temperature
They control the pressure in the condenser
They drain off excess refrigerant

62

Medium

What is the function of the refrigerant receiver in the system?


It controls the evaporator temperature
Stores excess refrigerant and facilitates the detection of leaks
Regulates the oil flow
It maintains a constant pressure in the system

63

Medium

What is the role of the manifold thermometer in the refrigeration system?


Controls the oil level
Relieves pressure in the system in the event of excessive pressure
It monitors the moisture content of the refrigerant
Measures the refrigerant temperature at the compressor inlet and outlet, which helps to identify leaks

64

Medium

What is the role of the defrost control valves?


Protect the evaporator from excessive icing and reduce the risk of leaks
They drain off excess oil
They control the pressure in the compressor
They are used to monitor the moisture content of the refrigerant

65

Medium

Where can I find lists detailing fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases)?


In the Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.
In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
In the Regulation of the Minister for the Economy on the introduction of a list of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council

66

Medium

Where can I find the lists specifying controlled substances?


In Regulation (EU) No 2024/590 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
In the Regulation of the Minister for the Environment on the list of controlled substances.
In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.
In the current Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.

67

Medium

Where and by when should annual reports on ODS and F-gases be submitted?


Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 January electronically by completing the special forms available in the central register of operators ‘CRO’.
Reports on ODS and F-gases for the previous year must be submitted by 28 February of the following year, via the IT system available in the reports database at the Office for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Climate (BOWOiK) on the ICHP website.
Reports must be submitted by the end of the relevant calendar year, using a special form at the regional branch of the Office of Technical Inspection (UDT)
Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 March of the relevant year electronically to the Ministry of the Environment.

68

Medium

Which measure has the greatest impact on improving the compressor’s energy efficiency during installation?


Correctly create a vacuum and remove moisture from the system
Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Installation without filters
Installation without a leak test

69

Medium

How does regular monitoring of the oil level affect the compressor’s operation?


It has no effect
Ensures proper lubrication and improves energy efficiency
It reduces cooling capacity
Causes a rise in pressure

70

Medium

How do system leaks affect the compressor’s energy efficiency?


Have no effect
These cause a drop in performance and an increase in energy consumption
They improve efficiency
They lower the operating temperature

71

Medium

Regulation (EC) No 2024/590 relates to:


Alternative refrigerants serving as substitutes for fluorinated greenhouse gases.
Health and safety at work during the recovery of refrigerants.
The conditions for obtaining F-gas certificates by companies carrying out the recovery and reclamation of waste refrigerants.
Ozone-depleting substances.

72

Medium

What is the significance of regulating suction and discharge pressure?


Causes leaks
It has no effect on efficiency
Helps maintain optimal operating conditions for the compressor
Increases oil consumption

73

Medium

What maintenance measure reduces the compressor’s energy consumption?


Regular replacement of filters and dryers
Lack of servicing
Increasing the refrigerant charge
Disabling safety devices

74

Medium

How does the presence of air in the refrigeration system affect performance?


Reduces energy consumption
Leads to increased pressure and reduced efficiency
It improves efficiency
It has no effect

75

Medium

What role do control systems (e.g. regulators) play in compressor efficiency?


It doesn’t matter
Enables optimisation of operation and a reduction in energy consumption
It increases the amount of refrigerant
Causes leaks

76

Medium

How does refrigerant superheat at the compressor suction affect performance?


Excessive overheating reduces efficiency and increases energy consumption
It only causes a drop in temperature
It has no effect
It always improves performance

77

Medium

How does the correct layout of the system affect efficiency?


It causes the temperature to rise
It increases the pressure
It doesn’t matter
Shortens flow paths and reduces energy losses

78

Medium

How important is pipe insulation?


It has no effect
Causes a rise in pressure
It increases energy consumption
Reduces heat loss and improves energy efficiency

79

Medium

Which measure most improves the condenser’s energy efficiency?


Contamination of the heat exchange surface
Restricted airflow
Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Regular cleaning of heat exchange surfaces

80

Medium

How does a dirty condenser affect the operation of the refrigeration system?


It lowers the condensing pressure
It has no effect
Causes an increase in pressure and energy consumption by the compressor
It improves efficiency

81

Medium

Why is adequate airflow through an air-cooled condenser important?


It doesn’t matter
Ensures effective heat dissipation and improves energy efficiency
Insufficient airflow reduces efficiency
Causes a drop in pressure

82

Medium

Which refrigerants cause damage to the ozone layer?


All refrigerants that contain fluorine and hydrogen in their molecules.
All refrigerants that contain chlorine or bromine in their molecules.
All refrigerants that contain carbon in their molecular structure.
All refrigerants that are hydrocarbon derivatives.

83

Medium

How does the presence of limescale in a water-cooled condenser affect performance?


It improves heat transfer
It has no effect
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It lowers the condensation temperature

84

Medium

How does correct condensation pressure control affect efficiency?


It has no effect
Maintains optimum operating conditions and reduces energy consumption
Causes leaks
It increases energy consumption

85

Medium

How do condenser leaks affect energy efficiency?


They improve efficiency
Have no effect
Causes refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency
They lower the temperature

86

Medium

How important is the correct positioning of an air-cooled condenser?


It should be installed in a well-ventilated area with unobstructed airflow
It doesn’t matter
It should be housed in a small room
It should be close to heat sources

87

Medium

How does hot air recirculation affect the condenser?


It improves efficiency
It has no effect
It reduces the pressure
Impairs cooling and increases energy consumption

88

Medium

How does the insulation of central heating and domestic hot water pipework affect the operation of the heat pump’s condenser?


It impairs cooling
Reduces energy losses and improves the efficiency of the entire system
It increases the pressure
It doesn’t matter

89

Medium

Which measure most improves the energy efficiency of the evaporator?


Regular defrosting of the evaporator
Restricted airflow
Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Increasing the condensation temperature

90

Medium

How does evaporator icing affect the system’s operation?


It has no effect
It lowers the condensation temperature
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It improves cooling performance

91

Medium

How does dirt on the evaporator surface affect its performance?


It has no effect
It reduces the pressure
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It improves efficiency

92

Medium

What maintenance task is crucial for the evaporator?


Reduced airflow
Regular cleaning and defrosting
Lack of maintenance
Increasing the refrigerant charge

93

Medium

What does an F-gas personal certificate (Category A2) authorise?


to make permanent joints by brazing in systems containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
to repair, maintain or service refrigeration equipment and systems containing controlled substances.
for the purchase of lubricants and refrigeration oils, and for the testing of safety valves.
To recover refrigerant from equipment containing less than 3 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases, or less than 6 kg in the case of hermetically sealed systems.

94

Medium

How does superheating of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet affect efficiency?


Excessive superheat reduces energy efficiency
It has no effect
It always improves performance
It only causes a drop in temperature

95

Medium

How do leaks in the evaporator affect efficiency?


Increase capacity
Have no effect
Improves performance
These cause refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency

96

Medium

How important is correct expansion valve adjustment?


Causes leaks
Ensures optimal evaporator charge and improves efficiency
It doesn’t matter
It increases energy consumption

97

Medium

How does inadequate insulation of the heat transfer circuit pipes affect evaporator performance?


It improves efficiency
Causes cooling losses and increased energy consumption
It has no effect
It lowers the condensation temperature

98

Medium

How does correct TEV valve adjustment affect the system’s energy efficiency?


Ensures optimum superheat and improves system efficiency
Causes leaks
It increases energy consumption
It has no effect

99

Medium

What happens if the superheat set by the TEV is too high?


Cooling efficiency will improve
The refrigerant charge will increase
It has no effect
Efficiency will drop because the evaporator is not being fully utilised

100

Medium

How does a low superheat setting on the TEV affect performance?


It increases operational safety
It may lead to improved efficiency, but it increases the risk of the compressor becoming flooded with liquid
It has no effect
It reduces refrigerant flow

101

Medium

How do contaminants in the system affect the operation of the TEV?


They lower the temperature
Have no effect
They improve its performance
They can cause it to become blocked and reduce efficiency

102

Medium

What role does the filter-drier play in terms of system efficiency?


It lowers the temperature
It doesn’t matter
Removes moisture and contaminants, improving the system’s efficiency
It increases the amount of refrigerant

103

Medium

How does proper insulation of components (e.g. pipes near the TEV) affect the system?


Prevents unwanted heat gains and improves efficiency
It doesn’t matter
It increases energy consumption
It causes leaks

104

Medium

What does Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council cover?


The Regulation concerns gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.
The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements relating to leak testing of such equipment.

105

Medium

How important is it to check the operation of the condensing pressure control valve in the system?


It increases energy consumption
Ensures operation within the optimum pressure range and reduces energy losses
It has no effect
It causes a significant rise in temperature

106

Medium

How does the correct selection of a TEV affect energy efficiency?


Ensures the system is matched to its capacity and operates optimally
It lowers the temperature
It increases the amount of refrigerant
It doesn’t matter

107

Medium

What is the main design difference in hydrocarbon-based refrigeration systems?


The need for explosion-proof measures due to the flammability of the refrigerant
Lower energy efficiency
Higher operating pressures
No need for safety measures

108

Medium

What differences are there in the compressors used in hydrocarbon systems?


They do not require lubrication
They must be designed to operate with flammable refrigerants (e.g. hermetic compressors)
No differences
They must operate at higher pressures

109

Medium

How can one check whether the system has been overcharged with refrigerant?


Under normal conditions, there is a marked increase in condensing pressure because an excessive amount of refrigerant accumulates in the condenser, reducing the heat exchange surface area within it.
The compressor will operate under a lower load and the suction pressure will decrease
This cannot be checked with sufficient reliability, as the sight glass is not designed for this purpose.
The refrigeration system is overcharged with refrigerant whilst in operation, and even under a very small heat load, frost forms on the suction side of the compressor

110

Medium

Before charging the refrigeration unit with refrigerant, it is essential to…


check the compressor’s suction and discharge connections.
carry out a leak test.
complete the unit’s data sheet.
carry out a start-up test.

111

Medium

What information must appear on the unit’s label?


Markings regarding the weight and capacity of the pipework, together with the colour code and chemical composition of the paints used to coat the frame and casing.
The manufacturer’s logo and the weight of the unit.
Among other things: information stating that the unit contains a fluorinated greenhouse gas, together with the industrial designation of the gas or its chemical name, the mass of the gas and its CO₂ equivalent
It does not matter what should be included on the device label.

112

Medium

What is the base unit of temperature according to the International System of Units (Système International d’Unités)?


°F
K
°C
°R

113

Medium

Which of the following are the most important pieces of information that should be included in the unit’s data sheet:


Information regarding refrigerant recovery and unit dismantling.
The make and model of the unit, so that the manufacturer can be contacted to obtain the technical information necessary for servicing.
The owner, installer and service technician of the unit.
Operator details, unit details, type and quantity of refrigerant, information regarding servicing and repairs.

114

Medium

Who is responsible for drawing up the equipment or installation record?


The equipment maintenance technician.
There is no such obligation.
The operator of the unit or system.
The person responsible for risk assessment.

115

Medium

Oil traps on the suction pipework are required:


before the safety valve.
before the compressor.
at the inlet to each component of the refrigeration system.
always before any rise in the pipeline.

116

Medium

When is there a refrigerant leak, even though the compressor is still running?


When the sight glass is full of liquid refrigerant and we observe a rise in the oil level in the compressor sump.
When the condensing pressure and suction pressure rise, but there is no superheat.
When the suction pressure is low, superheat is high, subcooling is negligible and the temperature difference between the condenser and the expansion valve is small.
When we observe a rise in the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver and the subcooling increases.

117

Medium

Which components of a refrigeration system can be classified as potential leak points (leaks) subject to regular leak tests?


All parts of the refrigeration unit that are connected to the suction side of the refrigeration system.
Parts of the system located on the high-pressure side (from the compressor up to and including the expansion valve).
Fittings, valves including their stems, seals – including those in replaceable filters and dryers, components exposed to vibration, and connections to measuring, control and safety devices.
Hermetic compressors, liquid refrigerant tanks and liquid separators.

118

Medium

What is the test pressure during the pressure leak test of the unit?


The test pressure is determined by the person carrying out the leak test based on their experience.
According to the PN-EN 378 standard, at least 0.25 times the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).
The test pressure for leak testing is equivalent to the maximum operating pressure measured during the operation of the refrigeration unit.
The test pressure (maximum) is 30 bar.

119

Medium

In which part of the refrigeration unit must the recommended leak test be carried out?


The check should only be carried out at the connection points for measuring instruments (pressure switches, pressure gauges, temperature sensors).
The test must be carried out at all points on the refrigeration unit where there is a potential risk of refrigerant leakage.
The test must be carried out on the compressor shut-off valves, solenoid valves and filters.
The check must be carried out on all parts of the refrigeration system that are connected to the discharge side of the refrigeration circuit.

120

Medium

When can a given unit be considered perfectly leak-tight?


A given device can be considered perfectly leak-tight when the pressure drop during the test does not exceed 0.1 bar.
A device can be considered perfectly leak-tight if gas bubbles appear when it is submerged in water.
A given unit can be considered perfectly leak-tight if, during a leak test, the pressure remains constant, taking into account pressure changes caused by temperature variations. Any drop in pressure indicates a leak and requires the location of the leak to be identified.
The device in question is perfectly leak-tight when we have carried out a check using a permanently installed electronic detector.

121

Medium

What does EU Regulation 1516/2007 cover?


The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements for leak testing of such equipment.
The Regulation addresses the disposal of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.

122

Medium

How should the pressure be increased during a pressure leak test?


We increase the pressure at a rate of 10 bar/s.
We increase the pressure in any way.
We increase the pressure as quickly as possible.
We increase the pressure gradually whilst checking for leaks, until the test pressure is reached, at a rate of no more than 2 bar/min

123

Medium

What electronic equipment should be used to carry out leak testing?


Only with devices fitted with an ‘Ion Pump’ sensor.
Only with devices fitted with hot cathodes.
Only using devices with verified measurement sensitivity.
Only with devices fitted with an infrared detector.

124

Medium

What documentation should be checked before starting a leak test?


Check the time sheets of the staff responsible for the machinery/equipment.
Check the operating instructions for the machine/equipment.
Check the stock ledger (accounts).
The maintenance log and the machine/device operating instructions must be checked.

125

Medium

What information must be recorded when drawing up the leak test report?


The date of the inspection, a record of the occurrence of the leak, and a signature.
The number of locations where leaks have occurred and the date of the inspection.
The date of the inspection, the number of faults (leaks), the location of the faults (leaks), the proposed method of rectifying the fault/defect (leak), attached documents and a signature.
The method used to carry out the leak test, the number of faults, the method of repairing the faults, the time taken to work on the installation, and the cost of the repair.

126

Medium

What pressure values should be used for the pressure leak test?


The pressure for the leak test is 2–3 bar.
At the discretion of the person authorised to carry out the pressure test.
The pressure value for the leak test is 10–12 bar.
Use a pressure not exceeding the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).

127

Medium

What is temperature slip?


It involves an increase in temperature.
A specific temperature cannot be assigned to a given vapour pressure. There is a temperature difference between the start and end of evaporation.
It involves a decrease in temperature.
A specific temperature corresponds to a given vapour pressure.

128

Medium

In which appliances and systems is the installation of a permanent leak detection system required?


In equipment and systems containing at least 5 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and installations containing at least 30 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In equipment and systems containing at least 50 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and systems containing at least 500 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.

129

Medium

Which category of F-gas certificate (A1, A2, B, C, D, E) authorises the performance of leak tests on refrigeration equipment:


All except category D.
Only categories A1 and A2.
Categories D and E.
Category E only.

130

Medium

Why is it advisable to subcool the liquid refrigerant?


This is advisable because it ensures that the liquid refrigerant, free of vapour bubbles, enters the expansion valve.
This is advisable because it allows a smaller evaporator to be used (lower refrigerant temperature at the evaporator inlet).
This is advisable because it allows a smaller condenser to be used (smaller heat exchange surface area).
This is advisable because it allows a smaller expansion valve to be used (less superheat at the valve).

131

Medium

What should be done following repairs to a leak in the refrigeration unit of a refrigerated trailer?


A visual inspection should be carried out only on bolted and soldered joints.
An invoice for the service work carried out must be issued as soon as possible.
The unit must be charged with an alternative refrigerant, started up, and the refrigerant parameters checked at the service valve located on the liquid receiver.
You must enter the details into the equipment log (including the quantities of refrigerant recovered and used) and inform the Operator that an additional leak test must be carried out by a certified person within one month of the repair.

132

Medium

Recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases means:


The final decommissioning and withdrawal from service or use of a product or piece of equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
The reprocessing of fluorinated greenhouse gases to achieve their specified standard properties.
The reuse of fluorinated greenhouse gases following a basic purification process.
The collection and storage of fluorinated greenhouse gases originating, for example, from machinery, equipment and containers.

133

Medium

Who is authorised to recover refrigerant from stationary refrigeration equipment:


The administrator of the operator’s account.
The operator.
A service technician holding an F-gas certificate in the relevant category.
The owner of the installation.

134

Medium

Recovered refrigerants must be stored:


In any used refrigerant cylinder.
In a cylinder that previously contained the same type of refrigerant.
In a specially adapted and labelled cylinder fitted with a two-way valve.
In any pressure vessel that has been officially certified.

135

Medium

When should the recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases be carried out:


Always during servicing and maintenance of equipment.
Before the final disposal of equipment and, where applicable, during its servicing and maintenance.
Only prior to the final disposal of equipment.
Before each leak test of the equipment.

136

Medium

What should be done if the refrigerant recovered from the system is contaminated, e.g. with acid, air or moisture?


Add a special contaminant neutraliser to the mixture.
Such a mixture must be handed over to a specialist authorised company for regeneration or disposal.
You should attempt to purify the mixture yourself using a dehydrating filter.
Purify the mixture by passing it through a particulate filter and reuse it.

137

Medium

What should be done if different types of refrigerants become mixed in a storage cylinder (container)?


The mixture should be purified by passing it through a filter-drain and reused.
You should attempt to separate the mixture into its individual components.
Add a special refrigerant to the mixture.
Send this mixture to a specialist authorised company to have it neutralised.

138

Medium

How does refrigerant recovery using the Push-Pull method work?


This involves using a suction device (compressor) to ensure that the refrigerant, in liquid form, is transferred into the cylinder.
It involves using a recovery unit to draw (pull) the refrigerant vapour from the cylinder and then force it (push) into the low-pressure side of the system.
This involves injecting nitrogen from the cylinder into the unit and expelling the liquid refrigerant from the unit.
This involves the refrigerant being alternately drawn from the suction side and then from the discharge side of the refrigeration unit (compressor).

139

Medium

What are the methods for managing waste refrigerant?


Regeneration, recovery.
Recycling, regeneration, disposal.
Disposal, storage.
Recovery, disposal.

140

Medium

The most advantageous method of managing waste refrigerant is:


Regeneration.
Recycling.
Disposal.
Storage.

141

Medium

The lower the evaporation temperature, ...


…the greater the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
...the lower the refrigerant density, and the greater the cooling capacity of the compressor.
...the greater the density of the refrigerant and the mass flow rate of the flowing refrigerant.
...the lower the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass of the flowing refrigerant.

142

Medium

How should pressure vessels (e.g. refrigerant cylinders) be marked?


They should bear only markings relating to weight and capacity.
They should bear the manufacturer’s logo and the date of manufacture.
They should bear, amongst other things, information such as: the number of the standard applied to their design, construction and testing; the identification marks of the country of approval and the inspection body; the date of the acceptance test; and the manufacturer’s and operational marks.
It is irrelevant how pressure vessels should be marked.

143

Medium

The recovery of refrigerants does not require the use of:


A refrigerant recovery station.
An electronic leak detector.
Scales with a measurement range suitable for the size of the cylinder being filled.
Hoses with shut-off valves.

144

Medium

What functions does the compressor perform in a refrigeration system?


The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
The compressor condenses the refrigerant.
The compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it, and then forces it into the condenser, raising the pressure to the required condensing pressure.
The compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system

145

Medium

What is compressor flooding?


Flooding the compression chamber with liquid refrigerant or oil.
Flooding of the compressor due to rainfall.
Suction of liquid refrigerant into the compressor’s suction line.
A large amount of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator.

146

Medium

To what extent do we regulate the compressor motor’s rotational speed when using a frequency converter?


Regulating the compressor motor speed is not the same as regulating the cooling capacity.
Approximately from 30 to 75 Hz, which corresponds to around 60% to 150% of the cooling capacity.
From approximately 30% to 90% of capacity.
Up to a maximum of 10 per cent.

147

Medium

Why is it essential to observe the correct phase sequence for scroll compressors and screw compressors?


Because the motor speed would decrease, and consequently the compressor’s capacity.
Because these types of compressors are sensitive to voltage drops.
Because changing the phase sequence would reverse the direction of rotation of the compressor rotors, which could result in damage to the compressors.
Because this type of compressor has difficulty starting up if the phase sequence is changed.

148

Medium

The cycle of a two-stage vapour-compression refrigeration system should have, in each stage of the system:


a compression ratio of less than 18.
a compression ratio of less than 8.
a compression ratio of less than 6
a compression ratio greater than 8.

149

Medium

Why is it necessary to seal the shafts in gland-sealed refrigeration compressors?


Because it protects the compressor’s crankshaft bearing.
Because we need to prevent air from entering the compressor and we need to prevent refrigerant from leaking from the compressor.
Because it ensures the bearing remains lubricated.
Because it prevents oil leakage.

150

Medium

When is the refrigerant sufficiently cooled?


When the evaporator is covered in frost.
When the liquid distributors are warm.
When the outlet from the condenser is cold.
When no vapour bubbles are observed forming in the liquid sight glass.

151

Medium

Why should the compressor crankcase be heated?


Heating keeps the lubricating oil in a liquid state.
Heating prevents the refrigerant from dissolving in the oil.
Heating ensures that the lubricating oil is de-watered.
Heating improves the dissolution of the refrigerant in the oil, which is beneficial for its viscosity.

152

Medium

What are compressor sets?


These are multiple (several) air-cooled condensers.
These are sets comprising several compressors connected in any configuration.
These are units consisting of two-stage compressors.
These consist of a larger number (several) of compressors connected in parallel and mounted on a common frame.

153

Medium

What are the advantages of compressor units?


Space-saving and lower energy consumption.
The ability to adjust the cooling capacity as required.
These are inexpensive and easy-to-install units.
Easy modification of the system.

154

Medium

What do we mean by the ‘application range’ of a compressor?


By this term, we mean the following parameters: the evaporation and condensation temperatures (to and tk), or the pressure values that determine the compressor’s application.
By this term, we mean that the compressor’s application range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ at a given ambient temperature.
By this term, we mean the following parameters: compressor capacity, type of refrigerant, and the compressor’s geometric dimensions.
By this term, we mean that the compressor’s operating range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ during operation.

155

Medium

What are the basic functions of oil in a compressor?


The oil seals the gap between the piston and the cylinder.
The oil seals any leaks that develop in the system.
The oil absorbs moisture from the refrigerant that enters the compressor.
The oil lubricates both the bearings and the sliding surfaces of the compressor components, and cools the compressor by transferring the heat generated during compression to the compressor’s outer casing.

156

Medium

What are the most effective ways of regulating the compressor’s cooling capacity?


By means of pressure control valves.
By partially covering the evaporator to reduce the heat exchange surface area.
By changing the compressor’s displacement, by varying the rotational speed, or by deactivating individual cylinders.
Using an expansion valve.

157

Medium

What does compressor bypass control involve?


Refrigerant in the form of cooled, high-pressure vapour is introduced into the suction line.
High-pressure liquid refrigerant is injected on the suction side of the compressor.
The bypass control is not used to regulate the compressor.
Hot, high-pressure refrigerant vapour is drawn in on the suction side of the compressor.

158

Medium

What is the fundamental difference between hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors?


Semi-hermetic compressors are characterised by the quiet operation of the entire unit.
The housing of a hermetic compressor and the compressor itself form a single unit.
The casing of semi-hermetic compressors can be dismantled, whereas the casing of hermetic compressors cannot be dismantled.
Both types of compressors are disassemblable, and the difference lies in their varying capacities.

159

Medium

How does a scroll compressor work?


It is a type of piston-type device.
It uses two screws to compress the refrigerant.
It is a device fitted with two spirals. It is a type of positive displacement (volumetric) compressor in which compression takes place through the interaction of the two spirals.
A scroll compressor is also known as a turbo compressor.

160

Medium

What physical process takes place in the evaporator?


The liquid refrigerant evaporates and a small amount of it becomes superheated.
It causes the refrigerant flowing through it to condense.
It cools the refrigerant flowing through it.
The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) evaporates, whilst the refrigerant condenses.

161

Medium

What is the purpose of regulating the compressor’s capacity?


It ensures adequate lubrication of the compressor.
Capacity control protects the compressor from low thermal loads.
It ensures that the cooling capacity is adjusted based on condensing temperatures.
It allows the cooling capacity to be adjusted to meet requirements.

162

Medium

Why is inverter speed control suitable for refrigeration compressors?


By reducing the speed of the refrigeration compressor motor, inverter speed control improves the return oil flow to the compressor.
Inverter speed control enables continuous, smooth regulation of cooling capacity.
Inverter speed control can be used with any type of compressor to ensure adequate lubrication.
Inverter speed control reduces energy consumption only under natural conditions.

163

Medium

Does the suction gas temperature affect the cooling capacity of the compressor?


It has a significant effect on performance.
Temperature has no effect on the compressor’s cooling capacity.
It does, but only if the gas is deeply cooled.
It does, but only for reciprocating compressors.

164

Medium

In the case of compressor units fitted with an oil level control system, is it necessary to install the compressors at the same height?


Only scroll compressors.
No.
Only screw compressors.
Yes.

165

Medium

What functions does a compressor powered by the vehicle’s engine perform in a transport refrigeration system?


The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
This compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it and then forces it into the condenser whilst the vehicle’s engine is running.
This compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system whilst the vehicle’s engine is switched off.
This compressor condenses the refrigerant whilst the vehicle is in motion.

166

Medium

Which natural fluids absorb heat from the refrigerant in the condenser?


Water and an antifreeze mixture.
Ammonia
Water or air.
Air and CO2.

167

Medium

What is the function of the condenser in refrigeration systems?


Heat from the compressor is then released into the environment via the condenser.
The heat absorbed in the evaporator is then released into the environment via the condenser
Heat released in the regenerative heat exchanger is absorbed by the condenser.
The heat absorbed in the evaporator and transferred during the compression process is then released into the environment via the condenser.

168

Medium

If the condensation temperature is higher than the critical point temperature of the refrigerant, condensation:


will occur provided a specially designed condenser is used.
temperature has no effect on condensation.
will always occur regardless of the temperature.
will not occur.

169

Medium

How does the subcooling of the refrigerant take place within a refrigeration system?


Subcooling using an additional heat exchanger and liquid nitrogen.
Subcooling of the liquid refrigerant in the final section of the condenser.
Subcooling of the refrigerant using oil (dissolving the refrigerant in oil).
Subcooling using high-pressure hot vapour.

170

Medium

What is the purpose of controlling the condenser fan speed?


Condenser fan speed control reduces energy efficiency.
Dispersion of the refrigerant in the event of a system leak.
Condenser fan speed control safeguards against the maximum permissible condensing pressure.
Condenser fan speed control ensures that the condensing pressure is maintained at the correct level.