Tests

F-Gas English Low GWP

All questions
HFC | Flammable | CO₂ | NH₃
Easy questions | Medium questions | Difficult questions

1

Medium

What process takes place in the condenser of a refrigeration system?


The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) condenses, whilst the refrigerant evaporates.
Hot refrigerant vapour is pumped from the compressor to the condenser, where it is cooled and then condensed. In this heat exchanger, the resulting liquid refrigerant is also slightly subcooled.
In the condenser, the refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the evaporator into the surroundings.
The refrigerant releases the heat absorbed in the compressor via the condenser

2

Medium

What determines the condensation temperature of an air-cooled unit?


On the superheat temperature.
On the ambient temperature.
On the compressor and discharge temperatures
On the evaporation (boiling) temperature.

3

Medium

Is energy required when heat is transferred from the condenser to the surroundings?


The heat flow balances the energy input.
Yes, in every case.
No, because according to the second law of thermodynamics, thermal energy always flows from a body at a higher temperature to a body at a lower temperature.
Yes, but only when using HFC refrigerants.

4

Medium

What should you pay attention to during the operation of the condenser?


You should ensure the general maintenance of the condenser and keep the heat exchange surfaces clean.
Pay attention to the fan’s operation and the ambient temperature.
Ensure that the air temperature at the condenser outlet is higher than the condensation temperature.
Care should be taken to ensure that the air temperature at the condenser inlet is lower than the air temperature at the condenser outlet.

5

Medium

What criteria should be considered when selecting a suitable condenser?


Condensers should be selected based on your own experience, and the condenser’s geometric parameters should be taken into account.
The required capacity of the condenser and the technical specifications declared by the manufacturer must be taken into account.
First and foremost, you should consider the operating noise level of the fans, the diameter of the connection pipes and the colour scheme.
These include size and the number of fans. The geometric parameters of the condenser must be taken into account.

6

Medium

How do contaminants (dust, particulates, deposits) affect the performance and efficiency of heat exchange surfaces in condensers?


Contaminants increase the heat transfer area and reduce the condensing pressure.
Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause a reduction in condensing pressure.
Contaminants do not significantly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the heat exchange surfaces in condensers.
Contaminants restrict heat transfer (reducing the heat transfer coefficient) and cause an increase in condensing temperature and pressure, which in turn leads to a reduction in the condenser’s efficiency.

7

Medium

If an air-cooled condenser becomes contaminated, will the condensation efficiency?


It remains unchanged.
It will decrease.
It will increase.
It will increase as a result of the fan speed being raised further.

8

Medium

What can cause frost to form on the evaporator?


a drop in cooling capacity.
An increase in refrigerant flow resistance and a reduction in the refrigerant flow rate through the evaporator.
Frost build-up on the evaporator increases airflow resistance and, consequently, causes the fan motor to work harder.
A reduction in the temperature of the cooled substance.

9

Medium

What happens when the evaporation temperature drops?


The compressor’s cooling capacity increases.
The discharge temperature decreases.
The compressor’s cooling capacity decreases.
The condenser fan speed increases.

10

Medium

When is defrosting using the refrigerant possible?


In the case of air-cooled chillers, only when the air temperature is above 0°C.
Only when using speed-controlled fans.
Never. We use electricity for defrosting (for example, using a special electric heater).
Defrosting using the refrigerant is not possible at all.

11

Medium

When can frost form on the evaporator surface?


Frost forms only when the refrigeration system is operating continuously.
Only in the case of air coolers, when the air temperature drops below 0°C.
In the case of finned evaporators.
Frost always forms on air coolers.

12

Medium

In the case of extensive pipework systems, secondary evaporation of the refrigerant can be prevented by...


using larger-diameter pipes.
additional cooling.
using smaller-diameter pipes.
by insulating the pipes between the compressor and the condenser.

13

Medium

How does hot gas defrosting of the evaporator work?


We switch on the gas heater directed at the evaporator.
This involves reversing the direction of rotation of the compressor.
Heated vapour (hot gas) from the compressor is directed into the evaporator piping.
We swap the outlet and inlet sides of the evaporator.

14

Medium

What is the function of the evaporator in a refrigeration system?


Thanks to the evaporator, the cooled medium transfers heat to the boiling refrigerant.
It cools the refrigerant.
It evaporates the water flowing through the evaporator.
It ensures that the refrigerant is superheated over the largest possible heat exchange surface area.

15

Medium

What conditions must be met for the evaporator to be defrosted using electric heaters?


Thanks to the forced air flow created by the fans, the heat from the heaters is transferred to the heat exchanger.
The electric heaters must be in contact with the evaporator’s heat exchange surface (the heater must touch the fins).
The electric heaters must be positioned beneath the evaporator’s heat exchange surface.
The electric heaters must be positioned in direct contact with the refrigerant so that the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator is at a sufficiently high temperature.

16

Medium

Refrigerant distributor:


acts as a buffer for the refrigerant in the event that the pressure upstream of the expansion valve is exceeded.
ensures even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the condenser.
ensures the even distribution of the refrigerant discharged by compressors connected in parallel.
ensures an even distribution of the refrigerant to the individual sections of the evaporator.

17

Medium

What are the possible methods of defrosting air coolers?


Natural defrosting; there are no other effective methods.
Electric defrosting, liquid defrosting or defrosting using hot refrigerant vapour.
Hot gas defrosting.
Electric defrosting only.

18

Medium

The boiling point increases (and consequently the rate of evaporation increases) if the pressure above the liquid...


It behaves differently depending on the ambient temperature.
Rises.
Remains constant.
Falls.

19

Medium

MOP in thermostatic expansion valves stands for:


maximum pressure switch protection.
self-cleaning of the valve in the event of moisture in the refrigerant freezing.
maximum operating pressure.
minimum flow opening.

20

Medium

The function of a thermostatic expansion valve (TEV) in a refrigeration system is:


regulating the superheat of the refrigerant leaving the evaporator so that it is at the minimum value.
to control the amount of refrigerant supplied to the evaporator depending on the superheat of the vapour leaving that heat exchanger.
to consistently adjust the evaporation pressure in the condenser depending on the temperature of the refrigerant vapour leaving the condenser.
to maintain a constant suction pressure to the compressor.

21

Medium

When using a capillary tube, what type of motor can be used in the compressor?


A low-speed motor should be used.
An electronically commutated motor approved for use with the compressor should be used.
A motor with low starting torque can be used.
A motor with high starting torque must be used.

22

Medium

What does the thermostatic expansion valve regulate?


Evaporation pressure after.
The mass flow of the refrigerant injected into the evaporator.
Discharge temperature.
Cooling.

23

Medium

The refrigerant absorbs heat when...


it condenses.
freezes.
it evaporates.
sublimates

24

Medium

In the case of a thermostatic expansion valve, the manufacturer specifies...


...the static superheat of the valve.
…the degree of refrigerant expansion.
...the superheat value during valve operation.
  ...the degree to which the valve is filled with refrigerant liquid.

25

Medium

How do we charge a new or repaired system with refrigerant when it is fitted with an expansion valve


to the suction side of the compressor.
in any way.
behind the condenser to the liquid refrigerant receiver.
Charging with refrigerant takes place during operation via the outlet connection of the refrigerant capillary tube.

26

Medium

What does a thermostatic/electronic expansion valve regulate?


Condenser subcooling by adjusting the condensing pressure.
The number of revolutions of the compressor per unit of time.
The evaporation pressure, closing when it falls below the setpoint temperature.
The amount of refrigerant by controlling the evaporator superheat.

27

Medium

What does the MOP function in expansion valves mean?


This means that these expansion valves are set to a specific suction pressure.
This means that these expansion valves are set to prevent overheating.
It means that these expansion valves are set to limit the maximum operating pressure.
This means that these expansion valves are set to limit subcooling.

28

Medium

The lower the temperature of the liquid refrigerant upstream of the expansion valve,


... the higher the theoretical coefficient of cooling capacity qo will be, and the greater the cooling capacity Qo will be.
...the lower the theoretical coefficient of refrigeration efficiency qo will be, and the lower the refrigeration capacity Qo will be.
...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, and the lower the system’s energy efficiency will be.
  ...the lower the theoretical coefficient of cooling efficiency qo will be, whilst the cooling capacity Qo remains unchanged.

29

Medium

The MOP point in the expansion valve, due to the maximum evaporation temperature of the refrigeration system, ...


The value of the MOP point is irrelevant.
...must be approximately 5 K lower.
...must be approximately 7 K lower.
...must be approximately 7 K higher.

30

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator?


It prevents a drop in suction pressure and, if necessary, shuts down the refrigeration system.
To maintain the suction pressure at the highest possible level.
It maintains the suction pressure at a constant level.
It limits the suction pressure and protects the compressor from excessively high suction pressure.

31

Medium

What is the function of the valve regulating water flow through the condenser?


To maintain the water temperature at the highest level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at the lowest possible level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at a constant level.
To maintain the condensing pressure at the highest possible level.

32

Medium

The use of a refrigerant distributor requires a thermostatic expansion valve …


… with a MOP function.
… with an adsorption-type sensor filling.
… with external pressure equalisation.
… with internal pressure equalisation.

33

Medium

What properties should good insulation materials have?


It must be able to absorb large amounts of moisture.
It must have a low thermal conductivity.
It must have a good antistatic coating
It must have a high thermal conductivity.

34

Medium

When do we encounter the superheated state?


It is the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the ambient temperature.
This is the temperature difference between the actual vapour temperature and the vapour temperature at saturation.
It is a condition in which the compressor motor temperature rises excessively.
This is a state that arises as a result of the temperature difference between the suction side and the discharge side of a compressor.

35

Medium

How can you check whether the liquid refrigerant is reaching the expansion valve without vapour bubbles?


We check this using a sight glass.
We are unable to check this.
We check using a liquid pressure gauge.
We check using a pressure gauge fitted on the discharge side of the compressor.

36

Medium

The liquid lines are located...


between the evaporator and the regenerative heat exchanger.
between the compressor and the condenser.
between the condenser and the liquid receiver.
between the evaporator and the compressor.

37

Medium

What is the function of the liquid receiver in a refrigeration system?


The reservoir is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.
The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is used to store and ensure an adequate supply of refrigerant in the event of fluctuations in the thermal load of the refrigeration system.

38

Medium

What is the purpose of the liquid refrigerant reservoir?


The tank is used to collect the liquid refrigerant and excess oil in the system.
The tank is used to further cool the liquefied refrigerant leaving the condenser.
When an installation technician does not know the exact amount of refrigerant required, the tank serves as a safety reserve for the entire refrigeration system.
The tank is required during maintenance work, when there is a temporary need to store the refrigerant that has been circulating in the refrigeration system up to that point.

39

Medium

Where should the liquid receiver be installed?


It should be installed downstream of the condenser, upstream of the expansion valve.
It should be fitted after the evaporator.
It should be fitted just before the compressor.
It should be fitted between the compressor and the condenser.

40

Medium

What is the function of the suction pressure regulator fitted to the suction pipe when the compressor starts up?


It regulates the condensing pressure.
It closes when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.
It regulates the evaporation pressure.
It opens when the suction pressure upstream of the compressor drops.

41

Medium

The use of microchannel heat exchangers, compared with conventional heat exchangers made of copper tubes and fins, results in:


A reduction in the amount of refrigerant and an increase in energy efficiency.
There is no effect whatsoever on either the amount of refrigerant or energy efficiency.
An increase in the amount of refrigerant in the system and an increase in condensing pressure.
A reduction in the system’s energy efficiency.

42

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFC group?


R11, R12, R502.
R22, R401A.
R134a, R32, R22, R507A, R290.
R134a, R404A, R507A, R410A.

43

Medium

Which refrigerants belong to the HFO group?


R134a, R290.
R1234yf, R1234ze.
R22, R12.
R134a, R404A.

44

Medium

What are the characteristics of R410A refrigerant compared to R407C refrigerant?


The saturation pressure of R407C is 150% higher than that of R410A.
The saturation pressure of both refrigerants is roughly the same.
The saturation pressure of R407C refrigerant is much higher than that of R410A.
The saturation pressure of R410A refrigerant is higher than that of R407C.

45

Medium

What does the TEWI parameter define?


This is a parameter that quantifies the impact of refrigerants on the ozone layer.
It is the global warming potential, expressed in terms of carbon dioxide (CO₂), over a 100-year time horizon.
This is a parameter defining the ozone layer’s ability to recover (regenerate).
It is the total (global) greenhouse gas equivalent – this indicator takes into account the refrigerant’s direct capacity to contribute to the greenhouse effect and its indirect impact on it through the energy consumption (during the production of which CO₂ is generated) by the refrigeration unit in operation.

46

Medium

What are the characteristics of R452A refrigerant compared to R404A?


The temperature glide of R452A is half that of R404A.
Both refrigerants are homogeneous refrigerants with no temperature glide.
It is a non-flammable refrigerant, a mixture from the HFC/HFO group with thermodynamic properties similar to those of R404A and a GWP approximately 45% lower than that of R404A.
It is a flammable and toxic homogeneous refrigerant from the HFC group.

47

Medium

What is the distinguishing feature of R1234yf compared to R134a?


greater flammability.
a higher boiling point at standard pressure.
A higher critical temperature.
greater toxicity.

48

Medium

Compared to R134a, the refrigerant CO₂ is characterised by?


It has a temperature slip of 7K greater than R134a.
Unlike R134a, it is an azeotropic mixture.
It has identical thermodynamic properties and can be used as a drop-in replacement for R134a.
It has a lower critical temperature, higher operating pressures and greater volumetric efficiency, allowing for the use of a smaller quantity of refrigerant compared to R134a.

49

Medium

The following are not classified as fluorinated greenhouse gases:


Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs).

50

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect?


It lowers the average surface temperature of the Earth.
It alters the composition of the atmospheric air.
It causes an increase in temperature close to the Earth’s surface (up to 10 metres above the surface).
It causes the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth to be trapped in the upper atmosphere.

51

Medium

What is R1270?


Propene
Isobutane
Butane
Propylen

52

Medium

How do refrigeration systems contribute to the greenhouse effect, i.e. the rise in atmospheric temperature at the Earth’s surface?


As a result of oil being emitted into the atmosphere by the condenser and filter
Indirectly (through energy consumption) and directly (through the emission of refrigerants into the atmosphere)
Refrigeration equipment emits CO₂ both directly and indirectly.
Through the leakage of refrigerant into the environment.

53

Medium

What is the greenhouse effect, also known as the greenhouse phenomenon?


The absorption of radiation reaching the Earth’s surface.
This is the formation of a layer that traps only the heat generated by the combustion of fuel in aeroplanes.
The filtering out of solar radiation.
It is the phenomenon of heat being trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere (making it difficult for heat to radiate out of the Earth’s atmosphere).

54

Medium

Which EU regulation is currently the primary piece of legislation governing the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases) in the European Union?


Regulation (EU) No 517/2014
Directive 2009/125/EC
Regulation (EU) 2015/1188
Regulation (EU) 2024/573

55

Medium

What is the main objective of Regulation (EU) 2024/573?


Standardising metal recycling standards
To reduce taxes on refrigeration equipment
Prevention of F-gas emissions and the achievement of the EU’s climate targets
To facilitate the import of electrical appliances

56

Medium

What are the obligations of manufacturers of refrigeration appliances in the context of ecodesign, and which regulation governs them?


Manufacturers are only required to use energy labels, and this is regulated by Regulation (EU) 2024/573
Manufacturers must comply solely with ISO 9001 standards, without any link to EU regulations
The manufacturer must ensure minimum energy efficiency, reparability and recyclability of equipment, as regulated by Regulation (EU) 2019/2019
Manufacturers are only required to declare the quantity of F-gas used, in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

57

Medium

What is the main objective of the Ecodesign Directive?


To standardise the appearance of products in the EU
Reducing the negative environmental impact of products by improving energy efficiency, durability and recyclability
To facilitate the import of products from outside the EU
To increase sales of electrical appliances in the EU

58

Medium

What is the function of a ball valve in a refrigeration system?


It regulates the temperature of the refrigerant
It prevents excessive pressure build-up in the system
Enables the refrigerant flow to be completely shut off
It measures the moisture content of the refrigerant

59

Medium

How do certain substances or gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?


Certain substances trap the thermal radiation that the Earth should radiate into the atmosphere. In this way, the Earth gradually warms up and the greenhouse effect occurs.
Some substances damage the ozone layer
Certain substances limit the impact of the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation on the Earth’s surface.
When released into the atmosphere, certain substances cause the air to heat up as a result of reactions with the oxygen and nitrogen contained in the air.

60

Medium

What is the purpose of the sight glass in a refrigeration system?


To measure the condenser temperature
For visual assessment of the presence of refrigerant and oil, and for monitoring moisture levels
To regulate compressor pressure
To shut off the flow in the event of an emergency

61

Medium

What is the function of the temperature regulator in a refrigeration system?


To maintain a constant pressure in the compressor
It restricts oil flow
It drains excess refrigerant into the receiver
Controls the operation of the compressor and valves to maintain the set temperature

62

Medium

What is the purpose of oil level regulators in a refrigeration system?


Maintains the correct oil level in the compressor
They control the pressure in the condenser
They drain off excess refrigerant
They control the evaporator temperature

63

Medium

What is the function of the refrigerant receiver in the system?


Stores excess refrigerant and facilitates the detection of leaks
It controls the evaporator temperature
It maintains a constant pressure in the system
Regulates the oil flow

64

Medium

What is the role of the manifold thermometer in the refrigeration system?


Relieves pressure in the system in the event of excessive pressure
Measures the refrigerant temperature at the compressor inlet and outlet, which helps to identify leaks
It monitors the moisture content of the refrigerant
Controls the oil level

65

Medium

What is the role of the defrost control valves?


Protect the evaporator from excessive icing and reduce the risk of leaks
They drain off excess oil
They are used to monitor the moisture content of the refrigerant
They control the pressure in the compressor

66

Medium

Where can I find lists detailing fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases)?


In the Regulation of the Minister for the Economy on the introduction of a list of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In the Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.
In Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council
In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.

67

Medium

Where can I find the lists specifying controlled substances?


In the current Act on Ozone-Depleting Substances and Certain Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases.
In the Regulation of the Minister for the Environment on the list of controlled substances.
In Regulation (EU) No 2024/590 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
In the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer.

68

Medium

Why is ammonia (NH₃) considered a toxic refrigerant?


It is colourless and odourless, so it is difficult to detect
It does not react with water, which makes it difficult to neutralise
It is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air
It is highly irritating to the respiratory tract and toxic if inhaled

69

Medium

Where and by when should annual reports on ODS and F-gases be submitted?


Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 January electronically by completing the special forms available in the central register of operators ‘CRO’.
Reports for the previous year must be submitted by 31 March of the relevant year electronically to the Ministry of the Environment.
Reports on ODS and F-gases for the previous year must be submitted by 28 February of the following year, via the IT system available in the reports database at the Office for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and Climate (BOWOiK) on the ICHP website.
Reports must be submitted by the end of the relevant calendar year, using a special form at the regional branch of the Office of Technical Inspection (UDT)

70

Medium

Which measure has the greatest impact on improving the compressor’s energy efficiency during installation?


Installation without a leak test
Installation without filters
Correctly create a vacuum and remove moisture from the system
Increasing the amount of refrigerant

71

Medium

How does regular monitoring of the oil level affect the compressor’s operation?


Causes a rise in pressure
Ensures proper lubrication and improves energy efficiency
It reduces cooling capacity
It has no effect

72

Medium

How do system leaks affect the compressor’s energy efficiency?


Have no effect
They improve efficiency
These cause a drop in performance and an increase in energy consumption
They lower the operating temperature

73

Medium

Regulation (EC) No 2024/590 relates to:


Ozone-depleting substances.
Health and safety at work during the recovery of refrigerants.
The conditions for obtaining F-gas certificates by companies carrying out the recovery and reclamation of waste refrigerants.
Alternative refrigerants serving as substitutes for fluorinated greenhouse gases.

74

Medium

What is the significance of regulating suction and discharge pressure?


Causes leaks
It has no effect on efficiency
Helps maintain optimal operating conditions for the compressor
Increases oil consumption

75

Medium

What maintenance measure reduces the compressor’s energy consumption?


Increasing the refrigerant charge
Regular replacement of filters and dryers
Lack of servicing
Disabling safety devices

76

Medium

How does the presence of air in the refrigeration system affect performance?


It has no effect
Leads to increased pressure and reduced efficiency
Reduces energy consumption
It improves efficiency

77

Medium

What role do control systems (e.g. regulators) play in compressor efficiency?


Enables optimisation of operation and a reduction in energy consumption
Causes leaks
It doesn’t matter
It increases the amount of refrigerant

78

Medium

How does refrigerant superheat at the compressor suction affect performance?


It always improves performance
It has no effect
It only causes a drop in temperature
Excessive overheating reduces efficiency and increases energy consumption

79

Medium

How does the correct layout of the system affect efficiency?


It doesn’t matter
It causes the temperature to rise
Shortens flow paths and reduces energy losses
It increases the pressure

80

Medium

How important is pipe insulation?


Causes a rise in pressure
It increases energy consumption
It has no effect
Reduces heat loss and improves energy efficiency

81

Medium

Which measure most improves the condenser’s energy efficiency?


Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Contamination of the heat exchange surface
Regular cleaning of heat exchange surfaces
Restricted airflow

82

Medium

How does a dirty condenser affect the operation of the refrigeration system?


Causes an increase in pressure and energy consumption by the compressor
It improves efficiency
It has no effect
It lowers the condensing pressure

83

Medium

Why is adequate airflow through an air-cooled condenser important?


It doesn’t matter
Causes a drop in pressure
Insufficient airflow reduces efficiency
Ensures effective heat dissipation and improves energy efficiency

84

Medium

Which refrigerants cause damage to the ozone layer?


All refrigerants that contain carbon in their molecular structure.
All refrigerants that contain fluorine and hydrogen in their molecules.
All refrigerants that contain chlorine or bromine in their molecules.
All refrigerants that are hydrocarbon derivatives.

85

Medium

How does the presence of limescale in a water-cooled condenser affect performance?


It lowers the condensation temperature
It improves heat transfer
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It has no effect

86

Medium

How does correct condensation pressure control affect efficiency?


Maintains optimum operating conditions and reduces energy consumption
It has no effect
It increases energy consumption
Causes leaks

87

Medium

How do condenser leaks affect energy efficiency?


Causes refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency
They improve efficiency
Have no effect
They lower the temperature

88

Medium

How important is the correct positioning of an air-cooled condenser?


It should be close to heat sources
It should be installed in a well-ventilated area with unobstructed airflow
It doesn’t matter
It should be housed in a small room

89

Medium

How does hot air recirculation affect the condenser?


It improves efficiency
It has no effect
Impairs cooling and increases energy consumption
It reduces the pressure

90

Medium

How does the insulation of central heating and domestic hot water pipework affect the operation of the heat pump’s condenser?


Reduces energy losses and improves the efficiency of the entire system
It impairs cooling
It increases the pressure
It doesn’t matter

91

Medium

Which measure most improves the energy efficiency of the evaporator?


Increasing the amount of refrigerant
Regular defrosting of the evaporator
Restricted airflow
Increasing the condensation temperature

92

Medium

How does evaporator icing affect the system’s operation?


It lowers the condensation temperature
It improves cooling performance
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It has no effect

93

Medium

How does dirt on the evaporator surface affect its performance?


It has no effect
It reduces the pressure
Impairs heat exchange and increases energy consumption
It improves efficiency

94

Medium

What maintenance task is crucial for the evaporator?


Regular cleaning and defrosting
Increasing the refrigerant charge
Lack of maintenance
Reduced airflow

95

Medium

What does an F-gas personal certificate (Category A2) authorise?


for the purchase of lubricants and refrigeration oils, and for the testing of safety valves.
To recover refrigerant from equipment containing less than 3 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases, or less than 6 kg in the case of hermetically sealed systems.
to make permanent joints by brazing in systems containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
to repair, maintain or service refrigeration equipment and systems containing controlled substances.

96

Medium

How does superheating of the refrigerant at the evaporator outlet affect efficiency?


It has no effect
It only causes a drop in temperature
It always improves performance
Excessive superheat reduces energy efficiency

97

Medium

How do leaks in the evaporator affect efficiency?


Have no effect
Improves performance
These cause refrigerant loss and a drop in efficiency
Increase capacity

98

Medium

How important is correct expansion valve adjustment?


Causes leaks
It doesn’t matter
Ensures optimal evaporator charge and improves efficiency
It increases energy consumption

99

Medium

How does inadequate insulation of the heat transfer circuit pipes affect evaporator performance?


It has no effect
Causes cooling losses and increased energy consumption
It lowers the condensation temperature
It improves efficiency

100

Medium

How does correct TEV valve adjustment affect the system’s energy efficiency?


It increases energy consumption
Ensures optimum superheat and improves system efficiency
It has no effect
Causes leaks

101

Medium

What happens if the superheat set by the TEV is too high?


Cooling efficiency will improve
The refrigerant charge will increase
Efficiency will drop because the evaporator is not being fully utilised
It has no effect

102

Medium

How does a low superheat setting on the TEV affect performance?


It reduces refrigerant flow
It has no effect
It increases operational safety
It may lead to improved efficiency, but it increases the risk of the compressor becoming flooded with liquid

103

Medium

How do contaminants in the system affect the operation of the TEV?


They can cause it to become blocked and reduce efficiency
Have no effect
They improve its performance
They lower the temperature

104

Medium

What role does the filter-drier play in terms of system efficiency?


It increases the amount of refrigerant
It lowers the temperature
Removes moisture and contaminants, improving the system’s efficiency
It doesn’t matter

105

Medium

How does proper insulation of components (e.g. pipes near the TEV) affect the system?


It doesn’t matter
It causes leaks
It increases energy consumption
Prevents unwanted heat gains and improves efficiency

106

Medium

What does Regulation (EU) No 2024/573 of the European Parliament and of the Council cover?


The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements relating to leak testing of such equipment.
The Regulation concerns gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.

107

Medium

How important is it to check the operation of the condensing pressure control valve in the system?


It has no effect
Ensures operation within the optimum pressure range and reduces energy losses
It causes a significant rise in temperature
It increases energy consumption

108

Medium

How does the correct selection of a TEV affect energy efficiency?


It doesn’t matter
It increases the amount of refrigerant
Ensures the system is matched to its capacity and operates optimally
It lowers the temperature

109

Medium

What is the main design difference in hydrocarbon-based refrigeration systems?


The need for explosion-proof measures due to the flammability of the refrigerant
No need for safety measures
Higher operating pressures
Lower energy efficiency

110

Medium

What differences are there in the compressors used in hydrocarbon systems?


No differences
They must operate at higher pressures
They do not require lubrication
They must be designed to operate with flammable refrigerants (e.g. hermetic compressors)

111

Medium

How can one check whether the system has been overcharged with refrigerant?


This cannot be checked with sufficient reliability, as the sight glass is not designed for this purpose.
The refrigeration system is overcharged with refrigerant whilst in operation, and even under a very small heat load, frost forms on the suction side of the compressor
The compressor will operate under a lower load and the suction pressure will decrease
Under normal conditions, there is a marked increase in condensing pressure because an excessive amount of refrigerant accumulates in the condenser, reducing the heat exchange surface area within it.

112

Medium

Before charging the refrigeration unit with refrigerant, it is essential to…


carry out a leak test.
carry out a start-up test.
complete the unit’s data sheet.
check the compressor’s suction and discharge connections.

113

Medium

What information must appear on the unit’s label?


Among other things: information stating that the unit contains a fluorinated greenhouse gas, together with the industrial designation of the gas or its chemical name, the mass of the gas and its CO₂ equivalent
The manufacturer’s logo and the weight of the unit.
It does not matter what should be included on the device label.
Markings regarding the weight and capacity of the pipework, together with the colour code and chemical composition of the paints used to coat the frame and casing.

114

Medium

What is the base unit of temperature according to the International System of Units (Système International d’Unités)?


K
°C
°R
°F

115

Medium

Which of the following are the most important pieces of information that should be included in the unit’s data sheet:


Operator details, unit details, type and quantity of refrigerant, information regarding servicing and repairs.
The owner, installer and service technician of the unit.
The make and model of the unit, so that the manufacturer can be contacted to obtain the technical information necessary for servicing.
Information regarding refrigerant recovery and unit dismantling.

116

Medium

Who is responsible for drawing up the equipment or installation record?


There is no such obligation.
The person responsible for risk assessment.
The equipment maintenance technician.
The operator of the unit or system.

117

Medium

Oil traps on the suction pipework are required:


before the compressor.
always before any rise in the pipeline.
before the safety valve.
at the inlet to each component of the refrigeration system.

118

Medium

When is there a refrigerant leak, even though the compressor is still running?


When the condensing pressure and suction pressure rise, but there is no superheat.
When the sight glass is full of liquid refrigerant and we observe a rise in the oil level in the compressor sump.
When the suction pressure is low, superheat is high, subcooling is negligible and the temperature difference between the condenser and the expansion valve is small.
When we observe a rise in the refrigerant level in the liquid receiver and the subcooling increases.

119

Medium

Which components of a refrigeration system can be classified as potential leak points (leaks) subject to regular leak tests?


Fittings, valves including their stems, seals – including those in replaceable filters and dryers, components exposed to vibration, and connections to measuring, control and safety devices.
Hermetic compressors, liquid refrigerant tanks and liquid separators.
Parts of the system located on the high-pressure side (from the compressor up to and including the expansion valve).
All parts of the refrigeration unit that are connected to the suction side of the refrigeration system.

120

Medium

What is the test pressure during the pressure leak test of the unit?


The test pressure (maximum) is 30 bar.
According to the PN-EN 378 standard, at least 0.25 times the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).
The test pressure for leak testing is equivalent to the maximum operating pressure measured during the operation of the refrigeration unit.
The test pressure is determined by the person carrying out the leak test based on their experience.

121

Medium

In which part of the refrigeration unit must the recommended leak test be carried out?


The test must be carried out on the compressor shut-off valves, solenoid valves and filters.
The check should only be carried out at the connection points for measuring instruments (pressure switches, pressure gauges, temperature sensors).
The check must be carried out on all parts of the refrigeration system that are connected to the discharge side of the refrigeration circuit.
The test must be carried out at all points on the refrigeration unit where there is a potential risk of refrigerant leakage.

122

Medium

When can a given unit be considered perfectly leak-tight?


A device can be considered perfectly leak-tight if gas bubbles appear when it is submerged in water.
The device in question is perfectly leak-tight when we have carried out a check using a permanently installed electronic detector.
A given device can be considered perfectly leak-tight when the pressure drop during the test does not exceed 0.1 bar.
A given unit can be considered perfectly leak-tight if, during a leak test, the pressure remains constant, taking into account pressure changes caused by temperature variations. Any drop in pressure indicates a leak and requires the location of the leak to be identified.

123

Medium

What does EU Regulation 1516/2007 cover?


The Regulation sets out health and safety requirements for soldering work.
The Regulation sets out requirements relating to brazing of refrigeration systems.
The Regulation addresses the disposal of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect.
The Regulation concerns leak testing of stationary refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases. The Regulation sets out the requirements for leak testing of such equipment.

124

Medium

How should the pressure be increased during a pressure leak test?


We increase the pressure gradually whilst checking for leaks, until the test pressure is reached, at a rate of no more than 2 bar/min
We increase the pressure at a rate of 10 bar/s.
We increase the pressure as quickly as possible.
We increase the pressure in any way.

125

Medium

What electronic equipment should be used to carry out leak testing?


Only with devices fitted with an ‘Ion Pump’ sensor.
Only with devices fitted with an infrared detector.
Only with devices fitted with hot cathodes.
Only using devices with verified measurement sensitivity.

126

Medium

What documentation should be checked before starting a leak test?


The maintenance log and the machine/device operating instructions must be checked.
Check the stock ledger (accounts).
Check the time sheets of the staff responsible for the machinery/equipment.
Check the operating instructions for the machine/equipment.

127

Medium

What information must be recorded when drawing up the leak test report?


The date of the inspection, a record of the occurrence of the leak, and a signature.
The method used to carry out the leak test, the number of faults, the method of repairing the faults, the time taken to work on the installation, and the cost of the repair.
The date of the inspection, the number of faults (leaks), the location of the faults (leaks), the proposed method of rectifying the fault/defect (leak), attached documents and a signature.
The number of locations where leaks have occurred and the date of the inspection.

128

Medium

What pressure values should be used for the pressure leak test?


The pressure for the leak test is 2–3 bar.
At the discretion of the person authorised to carry out the pressure test.
Use a pressure not exceeding the maximum permissible pressure for the system (PS).
The pressure value for the leak test is 10–12 bar.

129

Medium

What is temperature slip?


It involves an increase in temperature.
A specific temperature cannot be assigned to a given vapour pressure. There is a temperature difference between the start and end of evaporation.
It involves a decrease in temperature.
A specific temperature corresponds to a given vapour pressure.

130

Medium

In which appliances and systems is the installation of a permanent leak detection system required?


In equipment and systems containing at least 5 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and installations containing at least 30 kg of fluorinated greenhouse gases.
In equipment and systems containing at least 50 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.
In equipment and systems containing at least 500 tonnes of CO₂ equivalent.

131

Medium

Which category of F-gas certificate (A1, A2, B, C, D, E) authorises the performance of leak tests on refrigeration equipment:


Only categories A1 and A2.
Category E only.
All except category D.
Categories D and E.

132

Medium

Why is it advisable to subcool the liquid refrigerant?


This is advisable because it allows a smaller evaporator to be used (lower refrigerant temperature at the evaporator inlet).
This is advisable because it ensures that the liquid refrigerant, free of vapour bubbles, enters the expansion valve.
This is advisable because it allows a smaller condenser to be used (smaller heat exchange surface area).
This is advisable because it allows a smaller expansion valve to be used (less superheat at the valve).

133

Medium

What should be done following repairs to a leak in the refrigeration unit of a refrigerated trailer?


The unit must be charged with an alternative refrigerant, started up, and the refrigerant parameters checked at the service valve located on the liquid receiver.
A visual inspection should be carried out only on bolted and soldered joints.
You must enter the details into the equipment log (including the quantities of refrigerant recovered and used) and inform the Operator that an additional leak test must be carried out by a certified person within one month of the repair.
An invoice for the service work carried out must be issued as soon as possible.

134

Medium

Recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases means:


The collection and storage of fluorinated greenhouse gases originating, for example, from machinery, equipment and containers.
The reprocessing of fluorinated greenhouse gases to achieve their specified standard properties.
The final decommissioning and withdrawal from service or use of a product or piece of equipment containing fluorinated greenhouse gases.
The reuse of fluorinated greenhouse gases following a basic purification process.

135

Medium

Who is authorised to recover refrigerant from stationary refrigeration equipment:


The owner of the installation.
The operator.
The administrator of the operator’s account.
A service technician holding an F-gas certificate in the relevant category.

136

Medium

Recovered refrigerants must be stored:


In a specially adapted and labelled cylinder fitted with a two-way valve.
In any used refrigerant cylinder.
In any pressure vessel that has been officially certified.
In a cylinder that previously contained the same type of refrigerant.

137

Medium

When should the recovery of fluorinated greenhouse gases be carried out:


Before each leak test of the equipment.
Before the final disposal of equipment and, where applicable, during its servicing and maintenance.
Always during servicing and maintenance of equipment.
Only prior to the final disposal of equipment.

138

Medium

What should be done if the refrigerant recovered from the system is contaminated, e.g. with acid, air or moisture?


Purify the mixture by passing it through a particulate filter and reuse it.
Add a special contaminant neutraliser to the mixture.
You should attempt to purify the mixture yourself using a dehydrating filter.
Such a mixture must be handed over to a specialist authorised company for regeneration or disposal.

139

Medium

What should be done if different types of refrigerants become mixed in a storage cylinder (container)?


The mixture should be purified by passing it through a filter-drain and reused.
You should attempt to separate the mixture into its individual components.
Send this mixture to a specialist authorised company to have it neutralised.
Add a special refrigerant to the mixture.

140

Medium

How does refrigerant recovery using the Push-Pull method work?


It involves using a recovery unit to draw (pull) the refrigerant vapour from the cylinder and then force it (push) into the low-pressure side of the system.
This involves using a suction device (compressor) to ensure that the refrigerant, in liquid form, is transferred into the cylinder.
This involves the refrigerant being alternately drawn from the suction side and then from the discharge side of the refrigeration unit (compressor).
This involves injecting nitrogen from the cylinder into the unit and expelling the liquid refrigerant from the unit.

141

Medium

What are the methods for managing waste refrigerant?


Recycling, regeneration, disposal.
Regeneration, recovery.
Disposal, storage.
Recovery, disposal.

142

Medium

The most advantageous method of managing waste refrigerant is:


Storage.
Regeneration.
Recycling.
Disposal.

143

Medium

The lower the evaporation temperature, ...


…the greater the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass flow rate of the refrigerant.
...the lower the density of the refrigerant and the lower the mass of the flowing refrigerant.
...the greater the density of the refrigerant and the mass flow rate of the flowing refrigerant.
...the lower the refrigerant density, and the greater the cooling capacity of the compressor.

144

Medium

How should pressure vessels (e.g. refrigerant cylinders) be marked?


They should bear only markings relating to weight and capacity.
They should bear, amongst other things, information such as: the number of the standard applied to their design, construction and testing; the identification marks of the country of approval and the inspection body; the date of the acceptance test; and the manufacturer’s and operational marks.
They should bear the manufacturer’s logo and the date of manufacture.
It is irrelevant how pressure vessels should be marked.

145

Medium

The recovery of refrigerants does not require the use of:


An electronic leak detector.
Hoses with shut-off valves.
A refrigerant recovery station.
Scales with a measurement range suitable for the size of the cylinder being filled.

146

Medium

What functions does the compressor perform in a refrigeration system?


The compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system
The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
The compressor condenses the refrigerant.
The compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it, and then forces it into the condenser, raising the pressure to the required condensing pressure.

147

Medium

What is compressor flooding?


Flooding of the compressor due to rainfall.
Suction of liquid refrigerant into the compressor’s suction line.
Flooding the compression chamber with liquid refrigerant or oil.
A large amount of liquid refrigerant in the evaporator.

148

Medium

To what extent do we regulate the compressor motor’s rotational speed when using a frequency converter?


Up to a maximum of 10 per cent.
From approximately 30% to 90% of capacity.
Approximately from 30 to 75 Hz, which corresponds to around 60% to 150% of the cooling capacity.
Regulating the compressor motor speed is not the same as regulating the cooling capacity.

149

Medium

Why is it essential to observe the correct phase sequence for scroll compressors and screw compressors?


Because this type of compressor has difficulty starting up if the phase sequence is changed.
Because these types of compressors are sensitive to voltage drops.
Because the motor speed would decrease, and consequently the compressor’s capacity.
Because changing the phase sequence would reverse the direction of rotation of the compressor rotors, which could result in damage to the compressors.

150

Medium

The cycle of a two-stage vapour-compression refrigeration system should have, in each stage of the system:


a compression ratio of less than 8.
a compression ratio of less than 6
a compression ratio of less than 18.
a compression ratio greater than 8.

151

Medium

Why is it necessary to seal the shafts in gland-sealed refrigeration compressors?


Because it protects the compressor’s crankshaft bearing.
Because we need to prevent air from entering the compressor and we need to prevent refrigerant from leaking from the compressor.
Because it prevents oil leakage.
Because it ensures the bearing remains lubricated.

152

Medium

When is the refrigerant sufficiently cooled?


When the liquid distributors are warm.
When the outlet from the condenser is cold.
When the evaporator is covered in frost.
When no vapour bubbles are observed forming in the liquid sight glass.

153

Medium

Why should the compressor crankcase be heated?


Heating prevents the refrigerant from dissolving in the oil.
Heating ensures that the lubricating oil is de-watered.
Heating keeps the lubricating oil in a liquid state.
Heating improves the dissolution of the refrigerant in the oil, which is beneficial for its viscosity.

154

Medium

What are compressor sets?


These are units consisting of two-stage compressors.
These are multiple (several) air-cooled condensers.
These consist of a larger number (several) of compressors connected in parallel and mounted on a common frame.
These are sets comprising several compressors connected in any configuration.

155

Medium

What are the advantages of compressor units?


Easy modification of the system.
Space-saving and lower energy consumption.
The ability to adjust the cooling capacity as required.
These are inexpensive and easy-to-install units.

156

Medium

What do we mean by the ‘application range’ of a compressor?


By this term, we mean that the compressor’s application range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ at a given ambient temperature.
By this term, we mean the following parameters: compressor capacity, type of refrigerant, and the compressor’s geometric dimensions.
By this term, we mean the following parameters: the evaporation and condensation temperatures (to and tk), or the pressure values that determine the compressor’s application.
By this term, we mean that the compressor’s operating range is determined by the evaporation temperature ‘to’ during operation.

157

Medium

What are the basic functions of oil in a compressor?


The oil absorbs moisture from the refrigerant that enters the compressor.
The oil lubricates both the bearings and the sliding surfaces of the compressor components, and cools the compressor by transferring the heat generated during compression to the compressor’s outer casing.
The oil seals the gap between the piston and the cylinder.
The oil seals any leaks that develop in the system.

158

Medium

What are the most effective ways of regulating the compressor’s cooling capacity?


By changing the compressor’s displacement, by varying the rotational speed, or by deactivating individual cylinders.
By means of pressure control valves.
Using an expansion valve.
By partially covering the evaporator to reduce the heat exchange surface area.

159

Medium

What does compressor bypass control involve?


Refrigerant in the form of cooled, high-pressure vapour is introduced into the suction line.
The bypass control is not used to regulate the compressor.
Hot, high-pressure refrigerant vapour is drawn in on the suction side of the compressor.
High-pressure liquid refrigerant is injected on the suction side of the compressor.

160

Medium

What is the fundamental difference between hermetic and semi-hermetic compressors?


Both types of compressors are disassemblable, and the difference lies in their varying capacities.
Semi-hermetic compressors are characterised by the quiet operation of the entire unit.
The housing of a hermetic compressor and the compressor itself form a single unit.
The casing of semi-hermetic compressors can be dismantled, whereas the casing of hermetic compressors cannot be dismantled.

161

Medium

How does a scroll compressor work?


A scroll compressor is also known as a turbo compressor.
It is a device fitted with two spirals. It is a type of positive displacement (volumetric) compressor in which compression takes place through the interaction of the two spirals.
It uses two screws to compress the refrigerant.
It is a type of piston-type device.

162

Medium

What physical process takes place in the evaporator?


It causes the refrigerant flowing through it to condense.
The liquid refrigerant evaporates and a small amount of it becomes superheated.
The medium flowing through the evaporator (glycol, water) evaporates, whilst the refrigerant condenses.
It cools the refrigerant flowing through it.

163

Medium

What is the purpose of regulating the compressor’s capacity?


It ensures that the cooling capacity is adjusted based on condensing temperatures.
Capacity control protects the compressor from low thermal loads.
It ensures adequate lubrication of the compressor.
It allows the cooling capacity to be adjusted to meet requirements.

164

Medium

Why is inverter speed control suitable for refrigeration compressors?


Inverter speed control can be used with any type of compressor to ensure adequate lubrication.
Inverter speed control enables continuous, smooth regulation of cooling capacity.
Inverter speed control reduces energy consumption only under natural conditions.
By reducing the speed of the refrigeration compressor motor, inverter speed control improves the return oil flow to the compressor.

165

Medium

Does the suction gas temperature affect the cooling capacity of the compressor?


It has a significant effect on performance.
It does, but only for reciprocating compressors.
It does, but only if the gas is deeply cooled.
Temperature has no effect on the compressor’s cooling capacity.

166

Medium

In the case of compressor units fitted with an oil level control system, is it necessary to install the compressors at the same height?


Only screw compressors.
No.
Yes.
Only scroll compressors.

167

Medium

What functions does a compressor powered by the vehicle’s engine perform in a transport refrigeration system?


This compressor condenses the refrigerant whilst the vehicle is in motion.
The compressor compresses ambient air and increases the pressure of the refrigerant.
This compressor creates a vacuum on the suction side of the system whilst the vehicle’s engine is switched off.
This compressor draws in refrigerant vapour from the evaporator, compresses it and then forces it into the condenser whilst the vehicle’s engine is running.

168

Medium

Which natural fluids absorb heat from the refrigerant in the condenser?


Air and CO2.
Water or air.
Ammonia
Water and an antifreeze mixture.

169

Medium

What is the function of the condenser in refrigeration systems?


The heat absorbed in the evaporator and transferred during the compression process is then released into the environment via the condenser.
The heat absorbed in the evaporator is then released into the environment via the condenser
Heat released in the regenerative heat exchanger is absorbed by the condenser.
Heat from the compressor is then released into the environment via the condenser.

170

Medium

If the condensation temperature is higher than the critical point temperature of the refrigerant, condensation:


will occur provided a specially designed condenser is used.
will always occur regardless of the temperature.
will not occur.
temperature has no effect on condensation.

171

Medium

How does the subcooling of the refrigerant take place within a refrigeration system?


Subcooling of the liquid refrigerant in the final section of the condenser.
Subcooling using an additional heat exchanger and liquid nitrogen.
Subcooling of the refrigerant using oil (dissolving the refrigerant in oil).
Subcooling using high-pressure hot vapour.

172

Medium

What is the purpose of controlling the condenser fan speed?


Condenser fan speed control safeguards against the maximum permissible condensing pressure.
Condenser fan speed control ensures that the condensing pressure is maintained at the correct level.
Condenser fan speed control reduces energy efficiency.
Dispersion of the refrigerant in the event of a system leak.